Differential Cost – The work of managers includes comparison of costs and revenues of different alternatives. Differential cost(also known as incremental cost) is the difference in cost of two alternatives. For example, if the cost of alternative A is Rs. 10,000 per year and the cost of alternative B is Rs. 8,000 per year. The difference of Rs. 2,000 would be differential cost. The differential cost can be a fixed cost or variable cost.

Opportunity Cost – Unlike other types of cost, opportunity cost does not require the payment of cash or its equivalent. It is a potential benefit or income that is given up as a result of selecting an alternative over another. For example, You have a job in a company that pays you Rs. 25,000 per year. For a better future, you want to get a Master’s degree but cannot continue your job while studying. If you decide to give up your job and return to school to earn a Master’s degree, you would not receive Rs. 25,000. Your opportunity cost would be Rs. 25,000

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You’ll have to pay Individual Advance Tax, if at any time during the year you are in a position to estimate that your annual income will such as on which the tax payable  would be more than Rs. 10000.
Now for Assessees other than Companies this has to be paid in 3 Installments (30% till 15th Sep., 60% till 15th Dec. and 100% till 15th March.) and for Companies in 4 Installments (15% till 15th June, 45% till 15th Sep., 75% till 15th Dec. and 100% till 15th March.)

No. It woud be a miracle if the number that appears in the shareholders’ equity had anything to do with the value of shares.When we have a look at the relation between the market value and the book value of all the Spanish companies in the continuous market, we arrive at several conclusions:

1. In February 2005 and December 2006, there was no company whose market value its book value.
2. The average was 4.1 in February 2005 and 4.6 in December 2006.
3. There was just one company (Tavex cotton Maker) whose market value was lower than its book value in December 2006.

If we repeat the same exercise for the companies included in the S&P 500, we can notice that in February 2005 and December 2006, there was no company whose market value equaled its book value. The average 3.8 in 2005 and 4.5 in 2006.

Working Capital, simply put, is the capital required by the company for continuing its day-to-day operations. It is measured as the difference between Current Assets and Current Liabilities. It also represents the amount of liquid funds available with the company to finance its day-to-day operations.

• A financial product sold by financial institutions that is designed to accept and grow funds from an individual and then, upon annuitization, pay out a stream of payments to the individual at a later point in time. Annuities are primarily used as a means of securing a steady cash flow for an individual during their retirement years.
• Annuities can be structured according to a wide array of details and factors, such as the duration of time that payments from the annuity can be guaranteed to continue. Annuities can be created so that, upon annuitization, payments will continue so long as either the annuitant or their spouse is alive. Alternatively, annuities can be structured to pay out funds for a fixed amount of time, such as 20 years, regardless of how long the annuitant lives.

• The life insurance contestable period is a short window in which insurance companies can investigate and deny claims.
• The period is two years in most states and one year in others, and it begins as soon as a policy goes into effect.
• If you die within the contestable period, the life insurance company can investigate whether you gave accurate information on your life insurance application. The company can deny paying the death benefit if you lied — even if the cause of death has nothing to do with misrepresentation on your application.

• It usually happens when an organization comes under the exposure of over-trading, slow recovery of accounts receivables, increased inventories, growing accounts payables.
• Two examples include deterioration of working capital (i.e. increasing accounts receivable, lowering accounts payable), and financial shenanigans.

Increase in accounts receivable means that the cash is receivable and has not been received yet. This means that there is less (or negative) inflow of cash. Therefore while preparing CFS, it is treated as a reduction in Cash Balance.